[Cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. A follow three or more years of a sample of patients]

Rev Neurol. 2013 Jun 16;56(12):593-600.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Introduction: The rates of cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease show variations due to various factors. AIM. To determine the influence of age, education, gender, activities of daily living (ADL) and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (IAChE) and memantine in the rhythm and rate of cognitive decline.

Patients and methods: Retrospective study of a sample of 383 patients with Alzheimer's disease, with neuropsychological assessments over three years. Cognitive measure was used as the Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG). Patients were grouped according to their rate of annual decline (RAD) and performed a bivariate and multivariate regression analysis using as dependent variable the difference in scores on the CAMCOG (baseline-final).

Results: The younger age (beta = -0.23; p < 0.001), more educated (beta = 0.26; p < 0.001) and the greater deterioration of ADL (beta = 0.24; p < 0.001) were associated with a greater decline in all patients. The drugs had a beneficial effect (beta = -0.18; p = 0.011) in the group with lower and slower decline (RAD < 5%).

Conclusions: The lower age, higher education and the deterioration of ADL are associated with a greater cognitive decline. The IAChE and memantine had a beneficial effect, slowing the decline in the group of patients with lower RAD.

Title: Declive cognitivo en la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Seguimiento de mas de tres años de una muestra de pacientes.

Introduccion. Las tasas de declive cognitivo en los pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer presentan variaciones debido a diversos factores. Objetivo. Determinar la influencia de la edad, escolaridad, genero, actividades de la vida diaria (AVD) e inhibidores de la acetilcolinesterasa (IAChE) y memantina en el ritmo y tasas de declive cognitivo. Pacientes y metodos. Estudio retrospectivo de una muestra de 383 pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer, con evaluaciones neuropsicologicas durante un periodo superior a tres años. Se utilizo como medida cognitiva el Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG). Se agruparon los pacientes segun su tasa de declive anual (TDA) y se realizaron analisis bivariante y de regresion lineal multivariante utilizando como variable dependiente la diferencia de puntuaciones en el CAMCOG (basal-final). Resultados. La menor edad (beta = –0,23; p < 0,001), la mayor escolaridad (beta = 0,26; p < 0,001) y el mayor deterioro de las AVD (beta = 0,24; p < 0,001) estuvieron asociados a un mayor declive en todos los pacientes. Los farmacos tuvieron un efecto benefico (beta = –0,18; p = 0,011) en el grupo con menor y mas lento declive (TDA < 5%). Conclusiones. La menor edad, la mayor escolaridad y el deterioro de las AVD se relacionan con un mayor declive cognitivo. Los IAChE y la memantina tuvieron un efecto benefico, enlenteciendo el declive en el grupo de pacientes con menor TDA.

Publication types

  • English Abstract

MeSH terms

  • Activities of Daily Living
  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Alzheimer Disease / drug therapy
  • Alzheimer Disease / psychology*
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Cognition Disorders / drug therapy
  • Cognition Disorders / etiology*
  • Disease Progression
  • Educational Status
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Memantine / therapeutic use
  • Middle Aged
  • Neuropsychological Tests
  • Nootropic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Severity of Illness Index

Substances

  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors
  • Nootropic Agents
  • Memantine